Pyramids of Egypt

The Pyramids of Egypt are some of the most iconic and enduring monuments of the ancient world.

Egypt’s Principal Pyramids

The most famous pyramids are located in Giza, just outside of modern-day Cairo.

1. Great Pyramid of Giza (Pyramid of Khufu / Cheops)

• Built: Around 2580–2560 BCE (4th Dynasty)
• Height: Originally ~146.6 m (481 ft); now ~138.8 m (455 ft)
• Fact: It is the largest of all Egyptian pyramids and the only surviving structure of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

2. Pyramid of Khafre (Chephren)

• Built: By Khufu’s son, Khafre
• Height: 136.4 m (448 ft)
• Fact: Appears taller than Khufu’s due to its higher ground and steeper angle. It is also linked to the Great Sphinx.

3. Pyramid of Menkaure

• Built: By Khafre’s son
• Height: 65 m (213 ft)
• Fact: Smallest of the Giza pyramids, but still massive.

How Were They Constructed?

Built with limestone blocks, some weighing over 2 tons

Used ramps, sledges, and a massive workforce (not slaves—likely skilled laborers)

Precise alignment with cardinal directions and astronomical bodies

Why the Pyramids Were Built

Tombs for pharaohs

Designed to ensure their journey to the afterlife

Filled with treasures, food, and sacred texts for use in the afterlife

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